Reconstruction of Mathematical Concepts in The Belis Tradition of The Adonara Community

Abstract

Previous ethnomathematics studies have primarily focused on identifying mathematical activities embedded in cultural practices, while limited attention has been given to reconstructing these activities into explicit mathematical concepts for mathematics education. Few studies have examined how mathematical concepts embedded in the belis tradition of the Adonara community can be systematically reconstructed while preserving their cultural meanings. Therefore, this study aims to describe the manifestations and meanings of mathematical concepts embedded in the belis tradition of the Adonara community, East Flores Regency, Indonesia, from an ethnomathematical perspective. This study employed a qualitative approach with an ethnomathematical perspective. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving four traditional leaders with extensive knowledge of the belis tradition. Data were analyzed through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The trustworthiness of the findings was established through source and technique triangulation. The findings reveal several mathematical concepts embedded in the belis tradition, including arithmetic operations, comparison and proportion, systematic sequencing, sets and classification, and social arithmetic. These concepts are reflected in determining quantities and values of customary objects, establishing balance between the obligations of the groom’s and bride’s families, sequencing the stages of the belis process, classifying customary objects, and estimating economic value and family responsibilities. Beyond their functional roles, these concepts embody cultural values of responsibility, justice, solidarity, mutual respect, and adherence to customary norms. The findings demonstrate that the belis tradition constitutes a valuable source of culturally grounded mathematical concepts and provides meaningful contexts for mathematics learning and the development of mathematics teaching materials.